Aset Drag And Thrust Power

 

 

Control of the magnet field for neodymium magnets using Arduino

 

Arduino or Arduino is a compact computer that can interact and control the surrounding environment better than a desktop. Technically, it is an open source software platform consisting of a Micro-Controller electronic controller and an integrative development environment for IDE software writing.

 

The power of Arduino is reflected in its great ability to communicate with other electronic parts such as Switches or Sensors sensors and to use them in obtaining various data such as temperature or lighting intensity as well as its great effectiveness in controlling motors engines and LED lamps and Many other electronic pieces.

Ardoino projects can be operated by connecting to the computer and making it deal with one of the programs on the device

 

In fact there are a lot of micro-controllers available in the market such as Parallax, Basic Stamp, Netmedia's BX-24 Phidgets and Raspberry Pi, all of which have strong capabilities and have the ability to control various electronic parts and software software and that of course With varying preference, but what distinguishes Arduino is a set of things that make the difference between him and others, the most important of which are:

 

Simplicity: Arduino piece is designed to suit everyone's needs, professionals, professors, students and enthusiasts of interactive electronics.

    Price: Arduino is cheaper than other panels of the same type, with the most expensive Arduino worth $50.

    Self-Assembly: You can download Arduino's Datasheet free of charge from the official website and buy and install the pieces yourself!

    Multi-platform: Ardono has the ability to run on Windows, Mac OS, Linux and most other electronic controllers only on Windows.

    Easy and simple software environment: Programming Environment is designed to be easy for beginners, stable and powerful for professionals

    Open Source Software: Written in C++C and available to all to download and programmers can edit it according to their needs.

    Open Source Hardware: Arduino is made mainly from ATMEGA8 and ATMEGA168 controllers and the charts are published under creative Commons license, allowing electronic circuit designers to design their own circuits

 

In terms of communication:

 

Here I mean to communicate with other devices through a local network, home or even through the Internet. Raspberry Pi will have some advantage in this area because it has an Ethernet port that is integrated in most parts and WiFi Dongle can also be easily added via a USB port. But Arduino also has the ability to connect to networks easily if we add ethernet shield, an additional piece supported by the official website or can buy a Wireless-equipped Arduino tablet and also a Arduino tablet with GSM connectivity, which opens the door to thinking about interesting projects.

Processor power:

 

The Arduino tablet, which has a 16Mhz ATMEG168 processor with Raspberry Pi with a BCM2835 processor at 700Mhz, and even the strongest Arduino Due tablet cannot compete with raspberry Pi with an 84Mhz SAM3X8E processor.             Pi needs powerful and fast processors because it deals with graphics and with high-resolution screens.

Programming:

 

I will tell you in advance that programming on Arduino IDE is much better in terms of ease of learning and application and passing code to Arduino and it is not as simple for Raspberry Pi, you will have to enter the board via SSH and then write the code and then turn it on but you can also use Python language in both environments  And take advantage of its huge library to carry out your projects.

 

 

 

Arduino Hardware Schema hardware design schemes are available to all for download and study to understand the principle of the work of the piece and modify it as well as the possibility of commercial use of it in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Agreement.

Arduino's source code is also open source and available with a GPL license

 

 

Arduino Integrated Development Environment

A multi-tasking program, with a text editor for code writing, error alert space and a toolbar to control settings. It is also compiler who converts the code into a language that Arduino understands and passes.

The programming language that arduino understands

 

If you do not master any language, don't despair, you will find huge libraries of ready-made projects but if you master Java, C or Matlab you can program on Arduino Environment easily, Python is also a strong and easy to learn language, you can learn it in a short time and start the magnetic field control project.

Arduino Mega 2560

 

 

What distinguishes him is that he has the greatest memory between other Arduino pieces and more entrances and output output/input/output exits, which is the best and biggest Arduino you can get, and also the most expensive of the rest of the pieces.

 

Arduino Shields

Are electronic panels connecting arduino in order to increase its capabilities in terms of the number of I/O exits or to connect the two Arduino pieces together or to add WiFi feature, there are many types of Shields suitable for all Arduino pieces.  Here you will find arduino Shields.

Extensions

Additional parts such as LCD screens, Motors motors, LED lights, Resistance resistors, etc. are electronic parts that the project needs.

Construction of arduino special board

You will need a scientific background in the field of interactive electronics to understand the charts and then you just download the charts of Ardoino from the official website and get the necessary pieces and then start welding them together to get your ordino board and will work as efficiently as the pieces available for sale and you are free to benefit Him.

How To Run Arduino IDE on the Linux Environment

Arduino packages are available for all Linux distributions, for example, if you are working on Ubuntu 12.04 distribution and beyond, just install Arduino and you will find it in the software center, but if your distribution is older, you will need to add some Packages approved by the Ubuntu Packages manager and then iDifferent IDEs can be used

 

Of course, any Arduino program can be made from other platforms such as Makefiles or AVRStudio and you'll need to add some files to the Arduino Library.

 What is Arduino Library

 

It's a huge collection of ready-made Codes that you'll need to build your projects or you'll need an Arduino piece to define hardware architecture.nstall the software easily.

A complete step by step tutorial on the Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560

 

 

 

 

 

Hey Fellas! Hope you are doing well. Today, I am going to unlock the details on the Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560. It is a microcontroller board based on Atmega 2560 microcontroller. Arduino Boards have revitalized the automation industry with their easy to use platform where everyone with little or no technical background can get started with learning some basic skills to program and run the board.

I have updated articles previously on Arduino Uno, Arduino Nano, and Arduino Pro Mini. All these boards function similarly in one way or the other. There are some basic features like PCB layout design, size, number of analog pins and breadboard friendly nature that make them different from each other. In terms of coding, all these boards are programmed in Arduino IDE software and you don’t need to attach extra components or devices to put them in the running condition. Everything is already built in the board that makes this device readily available. Just plug and play with the board as per your requirement.

All the boards mentioned above work perfectly for a number of Arduino Projects when you require a simple task to be completed with less number of I/O pins and memory. However, when the nature of project goes complex, a board with less memory fails to complete the task. This is where Arduino Mega 2560 comes handy. This board comes with 54 pins and 16 analog pins with more memory to store the code. Sounds crazy, isn’t it? Thanks to technology that keep your covered in every aspect and provides support in any way when it comes to fulfilling your technical needs.

I’ll try to cover each and everything related to Arduino Mega 2560, what is this about, main features, working, technical specifications and everything you need to know. Let’s jump right in.

	Pin Number	Pin Description
1	D0 – D53	54 Digital Input / Output Pins.
2	A0 – A15	16 Analog Input / Output Pins.
3	D2 – D13	12 Pulse Width Modulation ( PWM ) Pins.
4	Pin # 0 (RX) , Pin # 1 (TX) Pin # 19 (RX1) , Pin # 18 (TX1) Pin # 17 (RX2) , Pin # 16 (TX2) Pin # 15 (RX3) , Pin # 14 (TX3)	4 Serial Communication Ports (8 Pins).
5	Pin # 50 ( MISO ) Pin # 51 ( MOSI ) Pin # 52 ( SCK ) Pin # 53 ( SS )	SPI Communication Pins.
6	Pin # 20 ( SDA ), Pin # 21 ( SCL )	I2C Communication Pins.
7	Pin # 13	Built-In LED for Testing.

 

• If you are planning to learn Arduino Nano Programming, then you must have a look at Introduction to Arduino IDE.

Other Arduino Boards:

You should also have a look at these other Arduino board, you might find them interesting as well. Compare their features and find the most suitable one for your project. Here’s the list of other Arduino boards:

• Arduino UNO
• Arduino Pro Mini
• Arduino Nano
• Arduino Due
• Arduino Micro
• Arduino Lilypad
• Arduino YUN

Introduction to Arduino Mega 2560

• Arduino Mega 2560 is a Microcontroller board based on Atmega2560. It comes with more memory space and I/O pins as compared to other boards available in the market.
• There are 54 digital I/O pins and 16 analog pins incorporated on the board that make this device unique and stand out from others.

·  Out of 54 digital I/O, 15 are used for PWM (pulse width modulation).

·  A crystal oscillator of 16MHz frequency is added on the board.

·  This board comes with USB cable port that is used to connect and transfer code from computer to the board.

·  DC power jack is coupled with the board that is used to power the board. Some version of Arduino board lacks this feature like Arduino Pro Mini doesn’t come with DC power jack.

·  ICSP header is a remarkable addition to Arduino Mega which is used for programming the Arduino and uploading the code from the computer.

 

·  This board comes with two voltage regulator i.e. 5V and 3.3V which provides the flexibility to regulate the voltage as per requirements as compared to Arduino Pro Mini which comes with only one voltage regulator.

·  There is no much difference between Arduino Uno and Arduino Mega except later comes with more memory space, bigger size and more I/O pins.

 

·  Arduino software called Arduino IDE is used to program the board which is a common software used for all boards belonged to Arduino family.

·  Availability of Atmega16 on the board makes it different than Arduino Pro Mini which uses USB to serial converter to program the board.

·  There is a reset button and 4 hardware serial port called USART which produces a maximum speed for setting up communication.

·  Following figure shows the specifications of Arduino mega 2560.

• Arduino Mega is specially designed for the projects requiring complex circuitry and more memory space. Most of the electronic projects can be done pretty well by other boards available in the market which make Arduino Mega uncommon for regular projects. However, there are some projects that are solely done by Arduino Mega like making of 3D printers or controlling more than one motors, because of its ability to store more instructions in the code memory and a number of I/O digital and analog pins.
• There are three ways to power the board. You can either use a USB cable to power the board and transfer code to the board or you can power it up using Vin of the board or through Power jack or batter.
• Last two sources to power the board are required once you already built and compile code into the board through USB cable.
• This board comes with resettable polyfuse that prevents the USB port of your computer from overheating in the presence of high current flowing through the board. Most of the computers come with an ability to protect themselves from such devices, however, the addition of fuse provides an extra layer of protection.
• It can be used either way i.e. for creating stand-alone projects or in combination with other Arduino boards. Most complex projects can be created using this board.

Arduino Mega 2560 Pinout

Following figure shows the pinout of Arduino Mega 2560.

• Each pin comes with a specific function associated with it. All analog pins can be used as digital I/O pins.
• Designing of a project using Arduino Mega gives you the flexibility of working with more memory space and processing power that allows you to work with a number of sensors at once. This board is physically larger than other Arduino boards.

Pin Description

5V & 3.3V. This pin is used to provide output regulated voltage around 5V. This regulated power supply powers up the controller and other components on the board. It can be obtained from Vin of the board or USB cable or another regulated 5V voltage supply. While another voltage regulation is provided by 3.3V pin. Maximum power it can draw is 50mA.

GND. There are 5 ground pins available on the board which makes it useful when more than one ground pins are required for the project.

Reset. This pin is used to reset the board. Setting this pin to LOW will reset the board.

Vin. It is the input voltage supplied to the board which ranges from 7V to 20V. The voltage provided by the power jack can be accessed through this pin. However, the output voltage through this pin to the board will be automatically set up to 5V.

Serial Communication. RXD and TXD are the serial pins used to transmit and receive serial data i.e. Rx represents the transmission of data while Tx used to receive data. There are four combinations of these serial pins are used where Serail 0 contains RX(0) and TX(1), Serial 1 contains TX(18) and RX(19), Serial 2 contains TX(16) and RX(17), and Serial 3 contains TX(14) and RX(15).

External Interrupts. Six pins are used for creating external interrupts i.e interrupt 0(0), interrupt 1(3), interrupt 2(21), interrupt 3(20), interrupt 4(19), interrupt 5(18). These pins produce interrupts by a number of ways i.e. providing LOW value, rising or falling edge or changing value to the interrupt pins.

LED. This board comes with built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. HIGH value at this pin will turn the LED on and LOW value will turn it off. This gives you the change of nursing your programming skills in real time.

AREF. AREF stands for Analog Reference Voltage which is a reference voltage for analog inputs.

Analog Pins. There are 16 analog pins incorporated on the board labeled as A0 to A15. It is important to note that all these analog pins can be used as digital I/O pins. Each analog pin comes with 10-bit resolution. These pins can measure from ground to 5V. However, the upper value can be changed using AREF and analogReference() function.

I2C. Two pins 20 and 21 support I2C communication where 20 represents SDA (Serial Data Line mainly used for holding the data) and 21 represents SCL(Serial Clock Line mainly used for providing data synchronization between the devices)

SPI Communication. SPI stands for Serial Peripheral Interface used for the transmission of data between the controller and other peripherals components. Four pins i.e. 50 (MISO), 51 (MOSI), 52 (SCK), 53 (SS) are used for SPI communication.

Dimensions

Follwoing figure shows the dimensions of the Arduino Mega 2560.

• Arduino Mega is comparatively larger than other boards available in the market. It comes 4-inch length and 2.1-inch width. However, USB port and power jack are slightly extended from the given dimensions.

Shield Compatibility

• Arduino Mega is compatible with most of the shields designed for other Arduino boards.
• Before you intend to use a shield, make sure the operating voltage of the shield is compatible with the board voltage. Most of the shields operate at 3.3V or 5V which is compatible with this board, however, shields with higher operating voltage can damage the board.

• Also, the header distribution of the shield must resonate with the pin distribution of the board, so you can simply attach the shield with the board and make it in a running condition.

 

 

 

Programming

• Arduino Mega 2560 can be programmed using Arduino Software called IDE which supports C programming.
• The code you make on the software is called sketch which is burned in the software and then transferred to the board through USB cable.
• This board comes with a built-in bootloader which rules out the usage of an external burner for burning the code into the board.
• The bootloader communicates using STK500 protocol.
• Once you compile and burn the program on the board, you can unplug the USB cable which eventually removes the power from the board. When you intend to incorporate the board into your project, you can power it up using power jack or Vin of the board.
• Multitasking is another feature where Arduino mega comes handy. However, Arduino IDE Software doesn’t support multitasking feature but you can use other operating systems like FreeRTOS and RTX to write C program for this purpose. This gives you the flexibility of using your own custom build program using ISP connector.

Applications

Arduino Mega 2560 is an ideal choice for the projects requiring more memory space to used with more number of number pins on the board. Following are the main applications of the Arduino mega boards.

• Developing 3D printer
• Controlling and handling more than one motors
• Interfacing of number of sensors
• Sensing and detecting temperature
• Water level detection projects
• Home automation and security systems
• Embedded Systems
• IoT applications
• Parallel programming and Multitasking

That’s all for today. I hope you have found this article useful. However, if you are unsure or have any question you can ask me in the comment section below. I’d love to help you according to best of my expertise. Feel free to keep us updated with your feedback and suggestions, they help us provide you quality work that resonates with your field of work and helps you keep coming back for what we have to offer. Thanks for reading the article.

 

Control and measurement of a magnetic field using Arduino

 

this small project that I have is kind of difficult for me so I would really appreciate your help.

The Arduino (leonardo or Yún, I don't know which works better...) should control:

1) a magnetic field generated by 2 air coils (winding N =800, max current = 0,75A, inductivity = 12mH, effective resistance = 8Ohm) using a power adapter to ensure maximum safety.
The field needs to be somehow variable in it's direction and power. Maybe I could use some kind of a potentiometer?

2) a hall sensor that measures the magnetic filed. I voted for Allegro A1301/1302 because it allows ratiometric linear hall effect sensinc and is pretty easy to use.

The measurement output needs to be visualized on the computer. I found a basic code for that but have no idea if this is enough

The whole project is about showing students the secrets to magnetic fields while using different kind of materials that are in contact with the field.

It would be great if you can help me to get this project started.

 

You can start by sharing the code  otherwise nobody will have an idea wether it may work or not.
If there are any related links, schemas with it, share them too.

Also you may consider a cheap magnetometer module like HMC5883L that has three axes XYZ sensors and a range of +/-8Gauss, vs these halls that are less sensitive and may need amplification to read meaningful data  - that depends on how much a field the air coil can generate.

at a max scale  of 12x earth's magnetic field , you will not need much of a coil to sense it with 5883 or other digital compass chips

the How-To for building a Hall effect sensor circuit is described here:

http://www.learningaboutelectronics.com/Articles/Hall-effect-sensor-circuit.php

The code looks like this:

Code for Hall Effect Sensor Circuit

//initializes/defines pin connections
int outputpin= 0;
//sets ground pin to LOW and input pin to HIGH
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
}

//main loop- Reads the raw value from the output pin and prints it out
void loop()
{
int rawvalue= analogRead(outputpin);
Serialprintln(rawvalue);
delay(5000);
}


Why do you think that these allegro sensors are not sensitive enough? The magnetic field generated by the coils should be strong but the electric currents/voltages must not be dangerous to the students.

Found the board that you mentioned here:

https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10530

 

Well I don't know if the linear sensors are not sufficient, I just found they-re specified with a sensitive of 2.5mV/Gauss,
with 2.5V neutral.

That linked directly to an analog input gives you a range -/+1000 gaus, with 10 bits it means you can read with a 2Gauss acuracy, 1000 steps betweem -1000 and +1000Gauss

The 5883 can measure 4000 steps between -8 and +8Gauss (and further down to 1Gauss scale but then you-ll have greater bias from the Earth's 0.7Gauss field.

I don't know what field is produced by a coil the size you mentioned, but I bet you can either calculate it yourself or find a calculator online. Amperes, turns, area that kind of stuff

If your equations show a hall sensor is good enough for your project without extra amplification then you-re fine.
For education purposes I guess a down-to-basics approach is more interesting. You can measure it with a voltmeter and show how the analog pin does what the voltmeter does, it makes more sense  in a electromagnetism class than giberish about I2C programming.

Or you can use both to show how one sensor needs to be placed in the center of the coil while the other senses same current or a small magnet movement a couple feet away

Please read the first post in any forum entitled how to use this forum.
http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php/topic,148850.0.html then look down to item #7 about how to post your code.
It will be formatted in a scrolling window that makes it easier to read.

Can you please post a copy of your circuit, in CAD or a picture of a hand drawn circuit in jpg, png?

If you use the forum search facility in the top right hand of this page and search for
magnetic levitation

you will find other adruino projects that have been posted on this forum.

 

 

 

 

Modern form

In modern language, the law states the following:

 

Every point mass attracts every single other point mass by a force acting along the line intersecting both points. The force is proportional to the product of the two masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them:
F = G m 1 m 2 r 2   {\displaystyle F=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r^{2}}}\ } F=Gm1m2/r2 where: F is the force between the masses; G is the gravitational constant (6.674×10−11 N · (m/kg)2); m1 is the first mass; m2 is the second mass; r is the distance between the centers of the masses.

Assuming SI units, F is measured in newtons (N), m₁ and m₂ in kilograms (kg), r in meters (m), and the constant G is approximately equal to 6.674×10⁻¹¹ N m² kg⁻². The value of the constant G was first accurately determined from the results of the Cavendish experiment conducted by the British scientist Henry Cavendish in 1798, although Cavendish did not himself calculate a numerical value for G. This experiment was also the first test of Newton's theory of gravitation between masses in the laboratory. It took place 111 years after the publication of Newton's Principia and 71 years after Newton's death, so none of Newton's calculations could use the value of G; instead he could only calculate a force relative to another force.

Bodies with spatial extent

f the bodies in question have spatial extent (as opposed to being point masses), then the gravitational force between them is calculated by summing the contributions of the notional point masses which constitute the bodies. In the limit, as the component point masses become "infinitely small", this entails integrating the force (in vector form, see below) over the extents of the two bodies.

In this way, it can be shown that an object with a spherically-symmetric distribution of mass exerts the same gravitational attraction on external bodies as if all the object's mass were concentrated at a point at its center. (This is not generally true for non-spherically-symmetrical bodies.)

For points inside a spherically-symmetric distribution of matter, Newton's Shell theorem can be used to find the gravitational force. The theorem tells us how different parts of the mass distribution affect the gravitational force measured at a point located a distance r₀ from the center of the mass distribution:

• The portion of the mass that is located at radii r < r₀ causes the same force at r₀ as if all of the mass enclosed within a sphere of radius r₀ was concentrated at the center of the mass distribution (as noted above).
• The portion of the mass that is located at radii r > r₀ exerts no net gravitational force at the distance r₀ from the center. That is, the individual gravitational forces exerted by the elements of the sphere out there, on the point at r₀, cancel each other out.

As a consequence, for example, within a shell of uniform thickness and density there is no net gravitational acceleration anywhere within the hollow sphere.

Furthermore, inside a uniform sphere the gravity increases linearly with the distance from the center; the increase due to the additional mass is 1.5 times the decrease due to the larger distance from the center. Thus, if a spherically symmetric body has a uniform core and a uniform mantle with a density that is less than 2/3 of that of the core, then the gravity initially decreases outwardly beyond the boundary, and if the sphere is large enough, further outward the gravity increases again, and eventually it exceeds the gravity at the core/mantle boundary. The gravity of the Earth may be highest at the core/mantle boundary.

Law of Attraction

DESCRIPTION

The Law of Attraction is based on the laws of attractive and repulsive force first introduced by Emperdocles, Greek pre-Socratic Philosopher, and later expanded upon by Plato. Plato asserted the first law of affinity that likes tend to attract to other likes.

Through the application of affinity to chemical systems, Albertus Magnus, also known as St. Albert the Great, a Dominican friar and bishop, introduced the four laws of affinity.

In the late 1600's, Isaac Newton proposed that chemical affinities were due to particular forces that tended to follow similar laws of planetary motion. Though other individuals, such as French physician and chemist Etienne Geoffroy who expanded on Newton's affinities by introducing a refined law of affinity in the early 1700's, and French chemist J.P. Macquer who later published six truths of chemical affinity, had prominent influence regarding the development on the Laws of Attraction, Newton is considered to be the one who discovered the laws.

However, it best be known that ancient Greeks knew from the observation of magnetics that opposites attract and likes repel.

Today the term 'Law of Attraction' is a household buzz word due to recent popularized films and best selling books. The laws are described as an effective tool for bringing forth your wishes while repelling lack, disease, and other negative energy one may prefer to avoid. The practice of expressing gratitude is said to emanate positive energy, and like a vibratory wave the energy is cast out to the universe. Our thought of a wish already being achieved is said to cause the wish to be immediately true, returning back to you the like energy of the wish as a part of your reality.

In this way, we are to understand that we have the ability to manifest that which we desire. We can also assume that any negative energy we seemingly experience is caused by our own manifestation through repeatedly focusing on negative thoughts and feelings. To release our negative experiences we simply change how we think and feel to attract that which we would rather experience.